The Parliament today is composed of 3 bodies:. The commons were the none nobles and the none church men. The commons are people who are neither nobles neither church men. King Eduard the 1 st which who in called his first Parliament. He called not only the nobles and church men but also the knights of the shire chevaliers who represented the county zone rurale and he called also burgesses bourgeoisie who represented the city. It was accepted that Common people, that is people affected by taxations, that they have to give their consent to taxations in Parliament.
It was established that the Commons have to participate and consent was to be adopted. In the 14 th century, two distinct houses of Parliament emerged. On the one side, the nobles and church men and on the other side the Commons. Nobles and church men were in House of Lords.
Today the house of Commons is a democratically elected chamber of Parliament. There are members of Parliament MPs as they are constituencies local division in England to elect a representant, a MPs.
Every five years an election is organized, but very often there is an election before the expiration because of the politic games. The system is quite easy, the person who gets the more vote will be elected , there is no proportionate system. This is a parliament for the whole territory, in addition there is also a Parliament in Scotland and a national assembly in Wales and in NI.
There are 3 main political parties in England today which are the labors, the liberal democrats and conservative. Nearly all members of Parliament represent a political party. But even more the cabinet found by the Prime Minister is composed only of members of Parliament or Lords. You need to be elected to be part of the government in England.
As the cabinet is formed only of members of Parliament that means that the HC is really the place where the opposition can have a big role. It came from the opposition, when there are elections the opposition forms a shadow government. There is a distinct role of the most important members of opposition. Other parties include two nationalist parties, Plaid Cymru founded in Wales in and the Scottish National Party founded in In Northern Ireland there are also several parties.
The party which wins most seats, although not necessarily the most votes, at a general election, usually forms the Government. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and 'shadow cabinet'.
Leaders of the Government and Opposition sit on the front benches on either side of the Commons chamber with their supporters, the backbenchers, sitting behind them. Similar arrangements for the parties also apply to the House of Lords; however, Lords who do not wish to be associated with any political party may sit on the 'cross benches'. The effectiveness of the party system in Parliament rests largely on the relationship between the Government and the opposition parties.
Depending on the relative strengths of the parties in the House of Commons, the Opposition may seek to overthrow the Government by defeating it in a vote on a 'matter of confidence'. In general, however, its aims are:. The Opposition performs this role both by debating issues and putting questions on the floor of both Houses and through the committee system.
Outside Parliament, party control is exercised by the national and local organisations. Parties are organised at parliamentary constituency level and also contest local government elections. Inside Parliament, party control is exercised by the Chief Whips and their assistants, who are chosen within the party. Their duties include keeping members informed of forthcoming parliamentary business, maintaining the party's voting strength by ensuring members attend important debates, and passing on to the party leadership the opinions of the backbench members.
General elections to choose MPs must be held at least every five years. The country is divided up into constituencies, each of which selects its own MP. Everyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote, as long as they register when they are contacted by the local electoral authorities, a few months before the election.
Each voter has one vote in the election, which is cast at a local polling station, by placing a cross next to the name of the candidate they support. Anyone can become a candidate for a constituency, or 'seat', but most belong to a political party.
Voters can choose their candidate for any reason, but usually, both the policies of the Party they represent and the personal credentials and abilities of the candidate are important.
Candidates are elected if they win more votes than any of the other candidates, although not necessarily a majority of the votes in the constituency. After the election, the Party in Parliament with the largest number of seats becomes the Government.
Local authorities work within the powers laid down under various Acts of Parliament. Their functions are far-reaching. Some are mandatory, which means that the authority must do what is required by law.
Others are discretionary, allowing an authority to provide services if it wishes. In certain cases, ministers have powers to secure uniformity in standards to safeguard public health or to protect the rights of individual citizens. Where local authorities exceed their statutory powers, they are regarded as acting outside the law and can be challenged in court. The main link between local authorities and central government in England is the Department for Communities and Local Government.
However, other departments, such as the Department for Education and Skills, the Department for Work and Pensions, the Department of Health and the Home Office, are also concerned with various local government functions. In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, local authorities now deal mainly with the devolved Parliament and Assemblies.
About two million people are employed by local authorities in the UK. These include school teachers, the police, firefighters and other non-manual and manual workers. Education is the largest locally-provided service, with 0. Councils are individually responsible, within certain legislative requirements, for deciding the structure of their workforces.
Every part of the UK is covered by a local authority fire service. Each of the 59 fire authorities must by law provide a firefighting service and must maintain a brigade to meet all normal requirements.
Each fire authority appoints a Chief Fire Officer, or Firemaster in Scotland, who has day-to-day control of operations. The House of Commons Website. Home of black politics. Search this site:.
Introduction Democracy is the process which gives people a voice in society. The government and its opposition meet to debate the big political issues of the day and discuss proposals for new laws. The Commons is responsible for making decisions about money, like changing taxes. The House of Lords can discuss these changes and suggest alterations - but it can't block them.
There are about members of the House of Lords and they're not currently voted for by the public. Sometimes people inherit their status as a Lord from their family. There are 92 of these hereditary peers currently in the House of Lords. Others are specially chosen by the prime minister because they are experts in their field, like Lord Alan Sugar who was chosen by Gordon Brown's Labour government to help people establish businesses.
The prime minister recommends that someone be made a peer, and the Queen appoints them.
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