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March 22, Thermal power generation is the biggest consumers of water in Canada. Canada's average annual water yield per unit area is litres of renewable freshwater for every square metre of the country, higher than the yield in drier countries such as Australia and South Africa but three times less than a tropical rainy country like Brazil.
The Pacific Coastal drainage region has the highest water yield, followed by Newfoundland and Labrador. Drainage regions both in and north of the Prairies produce the least water. Four drainage regions comprise most of the Prairies and stretch across the southern parts of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In , an estimated In , three industry groups that cover most industrial water use used a total of These three groups discharge almost as much waste water into the environment as they withdraw: Virtually all the water Environment and Climate Change Canada released a discussion paper on the future agency in December , and held public consultations through virtual national and regional forums in January and February Indigenous engagement is ongoing.
Canadian water law is hindered by interjurisdictional issues and a lack of co-ordination between government groups. Many proposals have been made to overcome these obstacles.
For starters, there are discussions about possible co-operative efforts in the light of the constitutional division of powers and the impact of recent case law on co-operative federalism. There have also been calls to reform the Canada Water Act to reconsider freshwater management through watershed management. More integrated collaboration between different governmental and non-governmental groups has also been encouraged. Finally, some advocate for a complete paradigm shift, to an Indigenous perspective of water as a life-giving and life-taking spiritual entity.
The creation of the Canada Water Agency must address the fragmentation of water management , multi-level governance issues and the specifics of Canadian federalism. Despite a slightly higher than average consumption, we still only use around one percent of our annually renewable water , and we have opportunities to use even less of it.
Metering helps households to monitor their water usage, and some provinces have introduced plumbing codes that now require new buildings to be more water conserving.
Although Canada has abundant renewable freshwater, how much water each region receives varies based on location, drought, or demand.
In urban populations especially, increasing demand, climate change, and the high cost of replacing aging infrastructure will likely make sustainable water management more difficult in future. Canada does recycle its freshwater, but on a small scale in isolated areas, and largely for agricultural use in areas like British Columbia and the Prairies.
So, as municipal water supplies decrease or degrade in the future, water reuse in Canada will likely have to increase; in the meantime, the easiest and best answer may simply be to use less water.
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