The major difference from the Deloraine series is the presence of the coarse gravelly layer at the till contact. The Bellsite series consists of poorly drained, peaty, calcareous Gleysol soils developed on moderately calcareous, coarse to moderately coarse textured alluvial deposits.
Surface textures range from fine sand to fine sandy loam; the fine sand texture is dominant. The Bellsite soil has an organic horizon up to 30 cm thick, a weakly developed Ah horizon less than 5 cm thick and a moderately calcareous, coarse textured substratum. The mineral section of the profile is stratified with thin layers of gravel, assorted sands, silt and clay. In some localized areas the bedding of silt and clay is sufficient to produce over-all textures of fine sandy loam. The entire mineral profile is strongly mottled and moderately alkaline in reaction.
This soil occupies two small areas in the northeastern corner of Twp 41, Range 26W and in the north-central portion of Twp 41, Range 25W. Both areas have a number of intermittent streams which, in the spring and wet seasons, often overflow their banks.
The topography is very gently to gently sloping and is marked by channels and low levees. Native vegetation is aspen, balsam poplar, spruce and willow. Some tamarack, sedges and reeds occur on small areas of shallow peat associated with these soils. The Benchlands complex is characterized by Calcareous or Orthic Black Chernozem soil profiles developed on parent material composed of a thin mantle 25 to 60 cm of loamy sediments, over a variable thickness 10 to 40 cm of medium sand to gravelly strata which overlay a strongly to very strongly calcareous, loamy L, CL, SiCL morainal till of limestone, shale and granitic origin.
These soils occur adjacent to streams and channels. They are moderately well to well drained. Runoff is moderate; permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper loamy and coarser strata, and moderately slow in the underlying till. Some seepage from the adjacent slopes may occur through the gravelly strata above the till during periods of snowmelt and following heavy rains. In the Binscarth area, the solum usually extends to the contact of the coarser strata, and has a very dark gray Ah or Ap horizon, 15 to 20 cm thick, a dark grayish brown Bmk horizon, 8 to 12 cm thick; and a thin BC, transitional horizon.
A lime accumulation Cca horizon commonly occurs at the contact of the loamy and coarser strata. The Benton series is characterized by pedons which occur in the LBs2 ecoregion, have a Dark Gray Solonetz solum, moderately well to well soil drainage, and materials on either a thin veneer of clay, or weathered shale, overlying non-to-weakly calcareous shale bedrock commonly on Millwood member.
These soils have a hard columnar structure due to the presence of sufficient sodium in solution and the exchange complex; sodium salts are also associated with some shale beds of the Pembina member. They occur in gently sloping to hummocky dissected landscapes or along the upper slopes of the escarpment area; slopes of 3 to 9 percent are common.
Runoff is moderate to rapid; permeability is very slow. The solum has a thin LH horizon 2 to 4 cm thick, a dark gray Ahe horizon 3 to 10 cm thick, a very thin Ae immediately above the columnar Bn or Bnt horizon. The Bn t horizon may be subdivided into a Bn1 and Bn2 based on structure.
The Bn1 is 15 to 30 cm thick, strong columnar and very hard when dry, very plastic when moist. The Bn2 has a massive to weak angular blocky structure and very plastic when moist; thickness of the Bn2 varies from 10 to 25 cm; a BC or C horizon of variable thickness is usually present above the shale bedrock. The solum depth may vary from 55 to 75 cm; depth to the shale varies within the various topographic positions, but usually within 90 cm.
Gypsum selenite and jarosite are commonly found in the shale bedrock. These beds have considerable pyrite present; they undergo considerable expansion when exposed to oxidative and moist conditions. Most of these soils have been utilized as natural grazing areas. Under cultivation the Ahe, Ae and Bn1 horizons become incorporated into the plow layer; the plow layer may have a massive to angular blocky structure that becomes quite difficult to work when moist and very hard when dry Soils of the RM of Grey, Dufferin, Roland, Thompson and part of Stanley, Report D These soils occur on near level to undulating topographic landscapes in association with the Clementi Orthic Black Chernozem soils.
They occur in landscapes which are considered to be in a discharge to weak recharge groundwater area and may have soluble salts within the rooting zone or subsoil.
The runoff is slow, and permeability is moderately slow to slow. The Beresford soils are characterized by a very dark gray to black Ah horizon 20 to 30 cm, a dark gray ACk horizon of 6 to 12 cm thick. A lime accumulation zone may occur in the loamy lacustrine sediments if the overlay is thick; the underlying strongly calcareous till of shale limestone and granitic origin is generally more compact.
The Berlo series consists of imperfectly drained Gleyed Dark Gray Luvisol soils developed on strongly calcareous deltaic sediments.
Surface textures are fine sand to fine sandy loam. These soils occur in small scattered areas, generally bordering gravel beaches or on the margin of lacustrine plains. The topography is level to irregular, very gently sloping. Soil permeability is rapid, but internal drainage is impeded by finer textured substrate of clay or glacial till generally below one metre.
A perched water table is present in wet seasons and often reaches the surface during the spring thaw or after prolonged summer rains. The native vegetation consists of aspen-black poplar woods with an undergrowth of willow, meadow-prairie grasses and herbs. The soils are weakly to moderately degraded. The A horizon consists of a thin dark gray Ah horizon of 5 to 7 cm, and a light gray Ae horizon. The B horizon is dark grayish brown, fine granular and contains a slight accumulation of clay and humus.
The lower portion of the A and B are mottled with iron. The soil may be weakly alkaline in reaction or contain lime carbonate due to recharge with lime by period saturation with lime charged water.
The Bermont series consists of well drained Rego Black Chernozem soils developed on a thin mantle 50 to 75 cm of very strongly to extremely calcareous loamy glacial till of limestone and granitic origin overlying strongly calcareous loam to clay loam glacial till of shale, limestone and granitic origin.
These soils occur in the upper slope and knoll positions of gently undulating to moderately rolling topography. Runoff is rapid; permeability is moderate to moderately slow in the upper till and slow in the lower till, which generally is more compact and weakly fissile. The Bermont soil is characterized by a shallow Ah or a Ahk horizon 10 to 16 cm thick and an AC horizon of 4 to 8 cm.
This soil profile is similar to the Stewart series. It is associated with the well drained, Hilton and Tiger Hills soils; the imperfectly drained, Barwood series and the poorly drained Hickson series.
The Bernice series consists of well drained Orthic Black Chernozem soils of the Bernice Association, developed on thin 25 to cm moderately to strongly calcareous, coarse textured FS, LCoS, LS, LFS , gravelly deltaic and outwash deposits overlying strongly calcareous, medium to moderately fine textured, glacial till. These soils occur in transition areas between the deep outwash deposits and glacial tills mainly in the western portion of the Boissevain-Melita map area near the western edge of the Souris Basin.
The topography is gently undulating, permeability is moderately rapid, and surface runoff is low. Bernice soils are well drained although the proximity of the underlying glacial till restricts downward drainage.
The Berry Island series consists of poorly drained carbonated, Rego Humic Gleysol soils developed on moderately to strongly calcareous sandy and gravelly outwash or beach deposits overlying extremely calcareous glacial till. The surface textures are variable and range from loamy fine sand to clay loam depending on the amount of in-washing from surrounding areas. The topography is level to depressional; runoff is very slow; permeability is slow. Vegetation consists of sedges, willow, meadow grasses and some black spruce and tamarack.
A partially decomposed organic layer 10 to 15 cm. A lime enrichment layer Cca may be present below the Ah horizon, depending on the depth of occurrence of the gravelly layers; the sandy and gravelly deposits are stratified and usually have yellowish brown iron mottles. The underlying loamy till deposits are usually light gray and may have fine to medium yellowish brown mottles. A description of a Berry Island soil is given below.
A C 2 — 17 to 22 cm, light brownish gray 2. II Ckg1 — 22 to 50 cm, light gray 2. II Ckg2 — 50 to70 cm, light gray 2. III Ckg — 75 to cm, white 2. Berry Island, peaty phase, is similar to the Berry Island but has a thicker peat layer 15 to 40 cm. The Bethany series consists of imperfectly drained carbonated, Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem soils developed on shallow 25 to. These soils occur in lower slope positions of undulating landscapes and have rapid permeability, moderate to slow surface runoff and a medium high water table during the growing season.
Bethany soils are non-eroded, slight to moderately stony and non-saline. They have low available water holding capacity, and medium to low organic matter content. Native vegetation often includes meadow grasses, shrubs, and willows.
The majority of these soils are currently used for forage and some for annual crop production. In a representative profile of Bethany soil, the solum is approximately 28 cm thick.
The profile is characterized by a black, sandy, strongly calcareous, Ahk Apk horizon, 15 to 25 cm thick, overlying a strongly calcareous, sandy transitional AC horizon, 5 to 10 cm thick, a very strongly calcareous, coarse sandy CoS, MS, LCoS, LS , Cca horizon, 5 to 10 cm thick with few fine faint mottles, and a few coarse fragments; and a strongly calcareous, sandy Ckg horizon, 30 to 50 cm thick with many strong prominent mottles.
The parent material is typically sandy to gravelly deltaic, beach and outwash deposits. Bethany soils occur in close association with Katherine and Seech soils. They are similar to these soils by having the same parent material but differ from Seech soils because of poorer drainage and from Katherine soils by the presence of carbonates throughout the profile.
Bethany soils also have a higher and more persistent water table than either of these soils. Bethany soils were previously mapped as minor inclusions in the Seech Deep Phase association in the reconnaissance survey of soils in the Rossburn and Virden map sheet areas.
These soils are carbonated, Rego Gleysols developed on 20 to 60 cm of clay, abruptly terminated by a sand substrate. These soils are moderately calcareous, moderately alkaline throughout and generally slightly saline. The topography is level, and the vegetation consists of reeds and sedges. Where mixing by cultivation has occurred, the surface soils have a dark colour much like the grassland soils in the southern part of Manitoba. This soil is found in the Saskatchewan River delta of the map area.
The Big Lake series consists of poorly to very poorly drained Rego Gleysol, carbonated phase soils developed on recent alluvium.
The texture of the solum varies from very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam with moderate amounts of lime carbonate. Bands of organic matter and layers of fine sand to clay textured sediments are common in these soils. All of the Big Lake soils are covered by a thin layer of peat. The topography is level, and the vegetation is dominantly reeds, sedges and willows. This soil is only found in the Saskatchewan River delta. The drained phase of Big Lake series occurs on slightly higher ground along the west and north shorelines of Pasquia Lake.
Surface runoff is moderately good due to the slightly elevated position of these soils in relation to the adjacent soils. In spite of this favourable relief a high water table in the spring and often in the summer or fall imparts a severe soil drainage problem. Native vegetation consists of sedges with clumps of willow. Some upper slope areas of Big Lake drained phase soils have been cultivated and grow improved forage or annual crops.
The modal soil phase is the most extensive of the units mapped in Pasquia Lake. The largest block occurs in the level to depressional central and southern portion of the study area. These soils are similar to the Big Lake drained phase soils differing only in their naturally poor surface drainage.
The range of drainage condition associated with the modal phase is described by three drainage variants based on estimated periods of inundation and saturation: Big Lake 1 variant is poorly drained with a subaquic moisture regime in which surface water is seldom present. The surface soil is saturated for extended periods throughout the growing season but usually not in excess of 4 months. The native vegetation is hydrophytic, consisting of continuous cover of sedge and whitetop; clumps of willow also occur.
Harvest of native hay occurs on these soils during late summer to early fall. Big Lake 2 variant is very poorly drained variant and has an aquic moisture regime. The soils are seasonally flooded for extended periods early in the growing season but surface water is absent by the end of the grow ing season in most years.
If surface water is absent the soil is at or near saturation for moderately long periods. The native vegetation is hydrophytic consisting of mixed stands of bullrush, cattail, sedge and willow.
There is no present agricultural use of these soils. Big Lake 3 variant is very poorly drained with a peraquic moisture regime. The soils are semi-permanently flooded as surface water persists through the growing season in most years. Native vegetation on these soils consists of continuous cattail with patches of phragmites and bullrush.
There is no present agriculture use of these soils. These soils are imperfectly drained Gleyed Eluviated Eutric Brunisol soils developed on 20 to cm of extremely calcareous loamy till over limestone bedrock. Due to the thin veneer of till they are developed on, these soils are considered shallow and very shallow lithic phases.
Areas of Birch Bay soils have nearly level to gently sloping topography. Surface texture varies from fine sandy loam to clay loam. The solum of Birch Bay soils is generally less than 20 cm thick, characterized by a thin, light colored, often discontinuous Ae or Aej horizon overlying a thin, weakly developed textural Btj horizon. Birch Bay soils have slow to moderate surface runoff and slow internal percolation of water. These soils are very stony due to the nature of the till and the proximity of the limestone bedrock.
Vegetative cover is dominantly spruce, aspen, jack pine and some willow. The Birch Bay soils are often associated in mapping units with soils of the Limestone Point shallow phase, Biscuit Point, and Chitek series. Surface textures range from very fine sand to silt loam; the under-lying stratified material usually has layers of fine sand to silty clay loam.
They occur on level to gently sloping topography. Runoff is moderate to moderately slow and permeability is moderate, but may be moderately slow in some soils with layers of silty clay loam.
The Birch Point soil is characterized a thin very dark gray Ah horizon and a thicker Ae horizon. The soils with a thicker sandy surface usually have a deeper and better developed Ae horizon up to 10 cm thick. A well developed fine blocky Bt horizon is present; the texture varies from clay loam to silty clay loam. Variable strata from very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam occur in the subsoil. A representative profile of the Birch Point soils is given below.
The Birkenhead series is a Calcareous Black Chernozem soil developed on moderately well drained, moderately to strongly calcareous, stratified sandy LS, S, CoS and gravelly deposits. There is usually a surface mantle ranging in texture from loamy fine sand to sand over the coarser textured materials. These soils occur on gently sloping, stone-free, northwest-southeast trending beach ridges formed by glacial Lake Agassiz below the Manitoba Escarpment.
Surface runoff is minimal, and permeability is rapid. These soils are strongly to severely affected by droughtiness as a result of their rapid permeability and low water-holding capacity. The native prairie grasses once associated with these soils have been mostly replaced by cultivated grasses and legumes such as brome grass and alfalfa.
The Birkenhead soil profile has a very dark gray Ah horizon, 15 to 30 cm thick; a weakly calcareous, stratified, brown Bm horizon,. This soil differs from the similar Willowcrest series in having coarser textures, more rapid drainage and having a calcareous Bm horizon. The Biscuit Point series consists of Rego Gleysol soils developed on 20 to cm of extremely calcareous, loamy, very stony till deposits over limestone bedrock.
Due to the thin veneer of till these soils are developed on, they are considered as Rego Gleysols, carbonated, shallow and very shallow lithic phases.
These poorly drained soils have depressional to level topography and are overlain with a thin 15 to 60 cm surface layer of peat. Runoff is very slow and internal drainage is impeded by a high groundwater table. The most common vegetation associated with these soils is black spruce with an understory of Labrador tea and feathermosses. The Bishop series consists of imperfectly drained Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem soil developed on a mantle 60 to cm of moderately calcareous, shallow, uniform, clayey SiC, C deposits containing shale fragments over non to weakly calcareous weathered, Odanah, siliceous, shale bedrock.
These soils occur in middle to lower positions of moderate slopes on the Manitoba Escarpment where soil parent material is derived from shale bedrock. They have slow to very slow permeability, moderate surface runoff, and a high water table during the growing season. Bishop soils are moderately water eroded, non-stony, and frequently slightly saline.
They also have a high available water holding capacity, low organic matter content, and low natural fertility. Native vegetation includes shrubs, willows, ash and oak. In a representative profile the solum is approximately 30 cm thick. The profile is characterized by a dark gray to very dark gray Ah horizon, 25 to 35 cm thick, usually with carbonates and salts, a transitional AC horizon, 30 to 40 cm thick with carbonates, mottles and gypsum crystals, and shale bedrock at a depth of 75 to 90 cm.
A typical profile also is influenced by seepage from upper slopes resulting in carbonated and saline profiles. The Black Duck series are well drained Orthic Gray Luvisol, shallow and very shallow lithic phase soils, developed on 20 to cm of weakly to moderately calcareous, sandy to loamy-skeletal glacial till overlying limestone bedrock.
These soils are slightly to moderately stony, and occur in areas of level to gently sloping topography. Permeability is moderate to high, and surface runoff is moderate to low. These soils generally have a thin, light colored, loamy sand to sand, eluvial Ae horizon overlying a darker, sandy loam to loam textured Bt horizon. Where the parent material is relatively thin, 50 cm or less for example, the carbonates have frequently been removed as far down as the lithic contact.
The Black Duck, shallow phase soils are well drained Orthic Gray Luvisols, developed on less than 20 cm of weakly to moderately calcareous, sandy to loamy-skeletal glacial till overlying limestone bedrock.
These soils are considered extremely shallow lithic phases according to soil family criteria. They are moderately stony, and occur in areas of level to gently sloping topography.
Profile development is similar to that of the normal Black Duck series, consisting of a thin light colored, Ae horizon overlying a darker, sandy loam textured B horizon. This Bt horizon frequently extends to the lithic contact, although it is commonly underlain by a thin fragmental layer of limestone cobbles overlying the bedrock.
Black Duck, shallow phase soils occur in the higher, well drained bedrock plateau areas in the central portion of the map area, as well as on Anderson Point and south of Little Grindstone Point.
They usually occur in association with the Namew series, shallow phase, the soils of the Cross Bay complex, and the Namew and Black Duck series. Black Duck soils occur in the higher, well drained areas in the central portion of the map area.
They usually occur in conjunction with the similar but imperfectly drained Namew series, and the shallow phases of both these series. The Black Lake series consists of well drained Cumulic Regosol soil developed on moderately to strongly calcareous, deep stratified, clayey, fluvial deposits.
These soils occur in upper positions of gentle slopes on terrace landscapes and have moderately slow permeability, moderate surface runoff and a low to medium water table during the growing season.
They have medium to high available water holding capacity, medium organic matter content, and medium natural fertility. Native vegetation often includes elm, maple, box elder, cottonwood and some oak. The majority of these soils are currently used for agriculture or are in their native treed state and are subject to flooding.
In a representative profile of Black Lake soil the solum is approximately 15 cm thick. The parent material is typically stratified. Black Lake soils occur in close association with Seine River and Hodgson soils. They are similar to Hodgson soils by having a similar position and mode of deposition but differ from Hodgson soils because of a heavier texture.
The Blackdale series consists of moderately well to well drained Orthic Black Chernozem soils developed on moderately to strong calcareous, dominantly moderately fine textured SiC, C lacustrine deposits. The topography is very gently sloping, runoff is moderate and permeability is moderate. Most of the soil area is under cultivation; native vegetation consists of tall prairie grasses with scattered bur oak and trembling aspen. The soil is characterized by a dark gray to very dark gray, granular, Ah horizon 15 to 25 cm.
This soil has a solum similar to the Eigenhof clay loam in the Portage La Prairie and Morden-Winkler Reports, but contains more carbonates in the. The Blackstone series comprises well to moderately well drained Orthic Gray Luvisol soils developed from weakly to moderately calcareous, stone-free, clayey glacio-lacustrine sediments.
Topography varies from gently sloping to hummocky. Permeability is slow due to the fine texture of the parent material. In the morainal upland environment of the Duck Mountain study areas this parent material appears to be of glacio-lacustrine origin. No shale or other rock fragments are incorporated within the massive, silty clay to clay textured matrix.
Blackstone soils exhibit a Luvisolic profile with a solum consisting of a thin leaf mat LFH 5 to 10 cm thick, a loamy sand textured Ae horizon 10 to 15 cm in thickness, and a well developed clay textured Bt horizon. The unaltered silty clay textured C horizon is dark in color and normally begins at a depth of 40 to 50 cm.
This characteristic color of the parent material imparts a relatively dark color to the A and B horizons as well. The lower C horizon frequently exhibits light colored varves, and occasionally, has a concentration of small pebbles which increase with depth, likely indicating a proximity to unaltered glacial till at depths greater than one meter.
Blackstone soils usually support mixed woods vegetation similar to that of the regional till. Blackstone soils occur throughout the map areas, most notably towards the north end of Wellman Lake, east of Glad Lake, and along the southwestern shoreline of Childs Lake. These soils are often found in association with the imperfectly drained Verrall Lake series and the poorly drained Breckon series, all of which are developed from the same parent material.
Blue Wing soils are susceptible to erosion and may be moderately eroded, non-stony and non-saline. They have low available water holding capacity, and low organic matter content. Native vegetation often includes white spruce, aspen, shrubs, and grasses. The majority of these soils are currently used for improved pasture and forage. In a representative profile of Blue Wing soil, the solum is approximately 67 cm thick. In the natural condition the profile is characterized by a thin slightly acidic leaf mat LFH 3 to 5 cm thick, a dark gray Ahe horizon, 7 to 12 cm thick, and a light gray Ae horizon, 10 to 25 cm thick, with weak fine platy structure; a brown to dark brown, sandy loam textured Bt horizon, 18 to 25 cm thick with weak medium subangular blocky structure and a loamy sand transitional BC horizon, 25 to 30 cm thick, grading into a moderately calcareous, yellowish brown sandy Ck horizon.
The parent material is typically stone free sand. Blue Wing soils occur in close association with Davidson and Rackham soils. They are similar to Davidson by having similar parent materials, but differ from Rackham soils because of a lighter sandier texture. Blue Wing soils were previously included in the Rackham sandy loam association in the reconnaissance survey of soils in the Rossburn and Virden map sheet areas.
These soils occur in level to depressional positions of level slopes on level landscapes and have moderately slow permeability, very slow surface runoff, and ponding or a high water table during the growing season. Blumenfeld soils are non-eroded, non-stony, and frequently slightly saline. They have a medium available water holding capacity, medium organic matter content, and low natural fertility.
Native vegetation includes sedges, reeds, rushes and meadow grasses. In a representative profile of Blumenfeld soil the solum is approximately 40 cm thick. The profile is characterized by a carbonated, very dark gray Ah horizon, 25 to 40 cm thick, a thin, dark grayish brown AC horizon, 10 to 15 cm thick with prominent mottles, and a light gray Ck horizon with prominent iron mottles. A typical profile also contains a Cca horizon of lime accumulation.
Blumenfeld soils occur in close association with Gnadenthal and Reinfeld soils. They are similar to Edkins soils by having a poorly drained profile in loamy deposits but differ from them in having loamy substrate while Edkins soils are clayey at depth. The Blumengart series consists of imperfectly drained Gleyed Cumulic Regosol soil developed on weakly to moderately calcareous, clayey SiC, C , recent fluvial deposits. Blumengart soils have been prone to flooding, but improved drainage has decreased the flooding hazard in recent years.
These soils occur in level to depressional positions of level slopes on floodplain landscapes and have slow to very slow permeability, slow surface runoff, and a high water table during the growing season.
Blumengart soils are non-eroded, non-stony, and frequently slightly saline. They have a high available water holding capacity, low organic matter content, and medium natural fertility. Native vegetation includes tall prairie grasses, willows and shrubs.
In a representative profile of Blumengart soil there is no solum. The profile is characterized by a dark gray Ah horizon, 10 to 18 cm thick, and a gray to dark gray Ck horizon, with prominent iron mottles. A typical profile also contains thin strata of lighter textured former Ah horizons in the subsoil.
Blumengart soils occur in close association with Blumenort soils. They are similar to Assiniboine soils by having an imperfectly drained Regosol profile but differ from them in occurring below the escarpment in a warmer and moister climatic area. Blumengart soils were previously mapped as immature associates of the Gretna Association in the South-Central soil report. The Blumenort series consists of poorly drained Rego Humic Gleysol soil developed on moderately calcareous, deep, stratified, clayey SiC, C , recent alluvial deposits in flood prone areas along stream channels at the base of the Manitoba Escarpment.
These soils occur in depressional positions of nearly level slopes on level landscapes and have very slow permeability, slow surface runoff, and a high water table during the growing season.
Blumenort soils are non-eroded, non-stony, and frequently saline. They have a high available water holding capacity, high organic matter content, and low natural fertility. Native vegetation includes sedges, rushes, reeds and willows. The majority of these soils are currently drained to reduce the hazard of flooding and used for cereal crop production. In a representative profile of Blumenort soil the solum is approximately 20 cm thick. The profile is characterized by a very dark gray, calcareous Ah horizon, 10 to 18 cm thick, with slight salinity, a thin transitional AC horizon, 5 to 10 cm thick, and a dark olive gray Ck horizon, with numerous fine distinct mottles.
A typical profile also contains light gray gypsum crystals in the C horizon. Blumenort soils occur in close association with Blumengart soils. They are similar to Osborne soils by having a poorly drained profile in clayey soil. Blumenort soils were previously mapped as Meadow associates of the Gretna Association in the South-Central soil report.
These soils occur in middle positions of very gentle to gentle slopes on hummocky landscapes and have slow permeability, low surface runoff, and a medium water table during the growing season. Bone soils are slightly eroded, non-stony, and non-saline. They have a medium available water holding capacity, medium organic matter content, and medium natural fertility. Native vegetation includes aspen, oak, shrubs and prairie grasses.
The majority of these soils are currently cultivated for grain production. In a representative profile of Bone soil the solum is approximately 90 cm thick.
The profile is characterized by a dark gray to very dark gray Ah horizon, 20 to 30 cm thick, a grayish brown to brown Bmg or Bmgj horizon, 40 to 55 cm thick, a dark grayish brown Btjg or Btgj horizon, 5 to 10 cm thick, a transitional BC horizon, 5 to 10 cm thick, and a light gray, silty textured Ck horizon. Bone soils occur in close association with Halstead, soils.
They are similar to Danlin soils by having a Gleyed Dark Gray profile but differ from them in having dominantly coarser textured sediments. Bone soils were previously mapped as loamy Degraded Black associates of the Firdale Association in the Carberry soil report. The Bornett series consists of poorly drained Rego Humic Gleysol, carbonated soils developed on a thin mantle 25 to 90 cm of moderately to strongly calcareous very fine sand to sandy loam sediments overlying moderately to strongly calcareous medium sand to gravelly textured deposits.
These soils occur in a level to depressional topographic landscape and are closely associated with the imperfectly drained Wytonville and Kilmury series and the well drained Miniota series. Runoff is slow to negligible; permeability is rapid, but restricted by a high water table throughout the growing season.
The soil is characterized by a thin, moderately decomposed organic layer of 2 to 3 cm thick, a very dark gray to black Ahk horizon of. The subsoil is light olive brown to olive with yellowish brown mottles of iron. Bornett soils are more permeable than the similar, finer textured Carvey series. The Bosshill series consists of poorly drained Carbonated Rego Humic Gleysols of the Bernice Association, developed on thin 25 to cm , moderately to strongly calcareous, coarse textured, unsorted gravelly deltaic and outwash deposits overlying strongly calcareous, medium to moderately fine textured, glacial till.
These soils have a very coarse surface texture, nearly level to depressional topography, high water table less than 1. As a result of the low topographic position and high water table this soil is poorly drained.
It is also non-saline, non-stony and not cultivated. It generally supports a thick growth of native hydrophytic vegetation and is commonly used as pasture or left as native grassland. It generally occurs in and along the creek channels that drain the tills in the northwest section of the Boissevain-Melita map area. The Boswell series consists of imperfectly drained carbonated, Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem soils developed on a thin mantle 30 to 90 cm of moderately to strongly calcareous outwash and glaciofluvial sediments of sand to gravel texture overlying very strongly calcareous clay loam to silty clay loam lacustrine sediments.
These soils occurr in the lower positions of undulating to moderately rolling topography in association with the Marringhurst, Oxford or Barren soils. Runoff is moderately rapid; permeability is rapid in the surface coarser sediments and moderately slow in the lower fine sediments. These soils are subject to perched water conditions above the more slowly permeable subsoil and to a lateral flow and seepage from the adjacent upland areas.
The soil is characterized by a variable Ah horizon 10 to 20 cm thick, depending on the thickness of sand and occurrence of the coarser gravelly particles. A thin AC may be present at this contact. Yellowish brown iron mottles are present in the coarser sediments above the silty clay loam lacustrine sediments. The Bower series consists of imperfectly drained Gleyed Black Chernozem soils of the Newstead Association, developed on thin 25 to cm , strongly calcareous, medium to moderately fine textured, lacustrine sediments overlying strongly calcareous, medium to moderately fine textured, glacial till.
A coarse textured layer 5 to 75 cm thick occurs at the contact. Bower soils are characterized by a fine sandy loam surface texture, gently undulating topography, moderately slow permeability and slow surface runoff. Bower soils are imperfectly drained and generally occur in areas adjacent to creeks and ephemeral stream channels. The coarse textured layer may impede downward percolation and facilitate lateral water flow both of which will affect the moisture status of this soil.
Although many of these soils are used for cereal crops, crop growth is more variable than on soils of uniform texture. This variability is attributed to the presence of the coarse textured layer which may inhibit root development and thereby render the plants more susceptible to moisture stress during dry periods.
The degree to which the crops are affected will likely increase with increasing thickness of this coarse stratum. The Boxner series is characterized by pedons which occur in the Gt4 ecoregion in proximity to the Manitoba Escarpment, have a Rego Humic Gleysol carbonated solum, poor soil drainage, and parent material sequence of shallow less than 90 cm loamy L, SiL, VFSL, CL, SiCL , moderately to strongly calcareous, fluvial and lacustrine sediments over strongly calcareous stony water modified glacial till.
The change from the loamy textured overlay to the water modified till is abrupt; a gravelly or cobbly strata usually occurs at the contact. These soils occur in the western part of the Red River Plain and lower slopes of the Escarpment; they are influenced by seepage and considerable ponding.
A thin peaty layer may be present within the mapped areas. The solum has a variable mucky or peaty layer of 5 to 15 cm thick and a black, carbonated Ah horizon 10 to 15 cm thick. The underlying parent material Ckg is dark olive gray. The Breadon series consists of well drained Calcareous Black Chernozem soils of the Dromore Association, developed on thin 25 to cm , strongly calcareous, medium textured VFSL, L, SiL , lacustrine sediments overlying course textured, gravelly, deltaic beach and outwash deposits.
Breadon soils are characterized by a dominantly loam surface texture, nearly level to gently undulating topography, moderate permeability, and low surface runoff. The average depth to water table during the growing season is estimated to be greater than 2. Availability of phosphorous and molybdenum is reduced by high levels of calcium and magnesium which are associated with carbonates.
In addition, iron, boron, zinc, and manganese deficiencies are common in soils that have a high calcium carbonate equivalent. Page Content. Soil Management Guide Appendices A. Detailed Soil Survey Protocol , scale B. Other Sources of Land Information D. Sources of dilute hydrochloric acid E.
Drinking water quality guidelines for humans, livestock F. Determining Soil Texture by Feel G. Unit Conversion Table A. Detailed Soil Survey Protocol , scale Acquire as much of the existing background information as possible for the area to be surveyed. Reconnaissance soil maps, elevation maps and aerial photographs are all good starting points. Delineate landform boundaries on twin air photos viewed with stereo glasses. Aerial photographs will serve as the base map.
Investigate soil variability within landforms by soil sampling to a depth of at least 3 feet 1 meter at regular intervals along transects. It is preferable to georeference these inspection sites using GPS technology.
Classify soils in the field visually using standardized criteria for texture, colour, presence of carbonates, presence of mottles, type of parent material and landscape position. This information will assist in determining what soil horizons are present, which in turn will identify the soil series and phase present in each map unit.
Laboratory analyses for the following factors are conducted in order to verify field data for proper soil horizon classification: Olson, , p. Refine map units and soil boundaries from field descriptions, laboratory data and variability observations.
Verify soil classifications by recording all pertinent data, reviewing field and laboratory data, re-examining stereo photographs and consulting with experienced pedologists. Draw lines to indicate the soil boundaries and include soil symbols on the air photos or base map. Write soil map unit descriptions. Integrate all the information into a soil survey report for the area based on Olson, , pp Refer to the appropriate soil map and locate the area s of interest on the map and identify pertinent map unit symbols eg.
Arabic numerals placed as superscripts following map symbols indicate approximate proportions of each soil type within the map unit eg. Locate the desired map unit symbols in the map legend in the appendix of the soil survey report.
Map scale is the scale of publication. The provincial soil survey program places the emphasis on map scale in its program. Field inspection sites for a , map scale 3. A two-person crew usually maps one section per day. Reconnaissance Soil Survey reports provide a systematic inventory of Manitoba's soil resource at a scale of ,, , and
0コメント